Low-cost aerial mapping and accuracy assessment using UAV internal parameters for Image georeferencing in undulating terrain

Chandra Has Singh, Kamal Jain

Abstract


Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry is an area of immense potential emerging today highly efficient method for surveying small- or medium-sized areas. UAVs are providing a cheaper solution for obtaining very precise results in terrain mapping. The integration of the Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) / Post-processing Kinematic (PPK) Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) module on a UAV allows the reconstruction of a highly detailed and precise Digital Terrain Model without using Ground control points (GCPs) and provides the possibility to carry out surveys in high undulating areas. The combination of the internal flight parameters of the UAV with the geospatial parameters (multi-band GNSS) plays a major role to achieve high-end accuracy in UAV photogrammetric surveys. The objective of this study is to compare the RTK positioning accuracy with the PPK method. UAV data was processed by photogrammetric software Pix4DMapper, the RMSEz = 0.494451 m was calculated from the RTK data, while the data generated by the PPK method yielded a mean RMSEz = 0.313777 m. After careful and in-depth observation of all dimensions of the geospatial models, concludes that UAV data obtained by the PPK method is more accurate than RTK

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