Geospatial Technologies in the extraction of Groundwater Potential Zones

Sunandana Reddy M, Thimmaiah C, Siva Rami Reddy D, Himaja M, Madhuri P, Rajeshwari J

Abstract


The utmost source which is contributing to the supply of water to the society is groundwater. Depletion of undergroundwater is enormously caused by eruptive growing rate of human population along with needs in the form of industrialand urbanized growth, indigent practices in irrigation methods and deforestation. As surface fresh water is very limit, waterdemand is drastically increasing for the needs. In this connection, there is immense predominant for the natural sourcecalled groundwater. It is mandatory for the communities not only to targeting the resource called groundwater but also toprovide remedial measures to replenishment the groundwater. Enormous investigations are in the process globally, to meetthe requirement to compensate resource for the needs in all aspects. Geospatial techniques are playing vital role in theextraction of groundwater resources by means of spatial and temporal data variations along with its integration analysis inthe form of separable layers to derive the solutions. In this connection, Nandyal mandal of Kurnool is selected to demarcatethe potential zones of groundwater by using this geospatial technology.The main motto of the research work is to identifythe effective potential groundwater zones by applying methodsand integration techniques of Geographic InformationSystem and remote sensing. This gives more information for the planning and management of the ground water.Byemploying geospatial technologies, the integrated composite output for potential zones is demarcated with help of keyparameters such as drainage, lineament, slope, geology, geomorphology, land use land cover and existing groundwaterlevels. All these thematic layers are extracted by using the satellite data and other available sources by using remote sensingand GIS. All these themes are demarcated using basic elements to identify the respective classes. Proper weightages areassignedtoeachclassofallthemesintheformofseparatecategorybasedonimportanceofweightagefromexcellenttopoor based on suitability to avail the groundwater sources. This process is applied for the considered themes and isreclassified based on results. It is then integrated with weighted overlay operation in ARCGIS environment. Appropriateweightage percentages which are equal to 100%, are given prior to overlay analysis of hydrology tools of ArcGIS. Variouszones like excellent, very good, good, moderate, poor are categorized for the integrated potential zones of groundwatersource. The use of suggested methodology is applied and demonstrated for a selected case study area in Nandyal Mandal ofKurnool District of Andhra Pradesh, India. Integrated output layout will be effectively useful in the demarcation of potentialresource zones. This demarcation area zone system is not only to identify the zones but also helpful in the replenishing theresources of the study area. The digital elevation model is also used to extract slope and drainage themes of the study area.The groundwater potential zones were obtained by overlaying all the thematic maps in terms of weighted overlay analysismethod using the spatial analysis tool in ArcGIS 10.1. This ground water potential information will be useful for effectiveidentificationofsuitablelocationsfor extractionofsuchgroundwater.

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